Pneumatosis coli in a dog     

Russell NJ  Tyrrell D  Irwin PJ  Beck C 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2008,44(1):32-35

A 17-year-old, castrated male Maltese was presented with chronic polyphagia and a 2-week history of tenesmus, diarrhea, hematochezia, weight loss, and ribbon-like feces. Pneumatosis coli was diagnosed by abdominal radiography. Concurrent hyperadrenocorticism was suspected. The clinical signs of colorectal disease resolved within 2 days of initiating a lowresidue diet and oral metronidazole. Pneumatosis coli should be considered as a differential diagnosis for colorectal disease in dogs.  相似文献   

One century of eel growth: changes and implications     

Françoise Daverat  Laurent Beaulaton  Russell Poole  Patrick Lambert  Håkan Wickström  Jan Andersson  Miran Aprahamian  Besma Hizem  Pierre Elie  Sukran Yalçın‐Özdilek  Aysun Gumus 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(3):325-336

Abstract – A cooperative effort gathered a large European length‐at‐age data set (N = 45,759, Lat. 36S–61N Long. 10W–27E) for Anguilla anguilla, covering one century. To assess the effect of global warming during the last century and habitat effects on growth, a model was fitted on the data representing the conditions met at the distribution area scale. Two GLMs were designed to predict eel log(GR): one model was fitted to the whole data and the other was fitted to the female data subset. A model selection procedure was applied to select the best predictors among sex, age class, five temperature parameters and six habitat parameters (depth, salinity and four variables related to the position in the catchment). The yearly sum of temperatures above 13 °C (TempSUP13), the relative distance within the catchment, sex, age class, salinity class and depth class were finally selected. The best model predicted eel log(GR) with a 64.46% accuracy for the whole data and 66.91% for the female eel data. Growth rate (GR) was greater in habitats close to the sea and in deep habitats. TempSUP13 variable had one of the greatest predictive powers in the model, showing that global warming had affected eel growth during the last century.  相似文献   

The role of commission VI during the last 50 years     

E.W. Russell 《Geoderma》1974,12(4):363-382

The work of Commission VI is primarily concerned with the principles of soil management on the farm itself. In the earlier years, interest was principally focussed on developing systems of farming that were better adapted to conserve soil and water than the existing systems, and on developing improved systems of field drainage. More recently, attention has shifted to developing improved systems of cultivation and of irrigation of land liable to salinity and alkalinity problems; and this has been accompanied by much greater attention being given to problems of root growth and functioning in the soil.Soil and water conservation was initially concerned with the reduction of s soil erosion, whether by water or by wind, and as a consequence improved methods for the control of water have been developed either by increasing the permeability of the surface soil or by allowing the safe shedding of surplus water off the soil surface. One of the central problems of soil cultivation research has been the development of methods that allow the optimum use to be made of the wide range of herbicides that are being introduced into farming practice. This work is closely linked to two other important problems, namely the reduction of soil compaction due to the passage of implements and tractors over the land, and the reduction of the number and cost of cultivations needed to prepare an adequate seedbed, to control weeds, and to maintain soil permeability.  相似文献   

The occurrence of aphid wax in peat     

R.E. Wheatley  M.P. Greaves  J.D. Russell 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1975,7(1):35-38

Small white aggregates frequently observed in peat have been studied using scanning electron microscopy and infrared absorption spectrometry. It has been shown that they are fibrous, consisting of paraffin wax and associated carbohydrate and secondary amide, and are secreted by the aphid Colopha compressa, which colonizes the roots of Eriophorum spp. growing on peat. This is the first report of the occurrence of this aphid species in Scotland.  相似文献   

Land-use and land-cover dynamics in response to changes in climatic,biological and socio-political forces: the case of southwestern Ethiopia   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

Reid  Robin S.  Kruska  Russell L.  Muthui  Nyawira  Taye  Andualem  Wotton  Sara  Wilson  Cathleen J.  Mulatu  Woudyalew 《Landscape Ecology》2000,15(4):339-355

Few studies of land-use/land-cover change provide an integrated assessment of the driving forces and consequences of that change, particularly in Africa. Our objectives were to determine how driving forces at different scales change over time, how these forces affect the dynamics and patterns of land use/land cover, and how land-use/land-cover change affects ecological properties at the landscape scale. To accomplish these objectives, we first developed a way to identify the causes and consequences of change at a landscape scale by integrating tools from ecology and the social sciences and then applied these methods to a case study in Ghibe Valley, southwestern Ethiopia. Maps of land-use/land-cover change were created from aerial photography and Landsat TM imagery for the period, 1957–1993. A method called `ecological time lines' was developed to elicit landscape-scale explanations for changes from long-term residents. Cropland expanded at twice the speed recently (1987–1993) than two decades ago (1957–1973), but also contracted rapidly between 1973–1987. Rapid land-use/land cover change was caused by the combined effects of drought and migration, changes in settlement and land tenure policy, and changes in the severity of the livestock disease, trypanosomosis, which is transmitted by the tsetse fly. The scale of the causes and consequences of land-use/land-cover change varied from local to sub-national (regional) to international and the links between causes and consequences crossed scales. At the landscape scale, each cause affected the location and pattern of land use/land cover differently. The contraction of cropland increased grass biomass and cover, woody plant cover, the frequency and extent of savanna burning, and the abundance of wildlife. With recent control of the tsetse fly, these ecological changes are being reversed. These complex patterns are discussed in the context of scaling issues and current conceptual models of land-use/land-cover change.  相似文献   

LIME AND PHOSPHATE TREATMENTS FOR RECLAMATION OF HEATHER MOORLAND     

R. J. Bennett    R. D. Russell  J. E. Watkin 《Grass and Forage Science》1968,23(1):34-39

The use of lime and phosphates in reclaiming heather moorland was investigated in two experiments.
Large initial dressings of hme resulted in a rapid rise in pH. An initial dressing of 9 tons CaCO₃/ac resulted in a more rapid rise to pH 6 than did 6 tons/ac and the soil was maintained above pH 6 for a longer period. Three annual dressings of 3 tons/ac gave a slower rise in pH and a longer period above pH 6. Split treatments, half before and half after the first ploughing, gave no long–term advantage where a programme of pioneer cropping was being followed.
Basic slag and North African phosphate were as effective as superphosphate for root crops at low pH values. Basic slag was as effective as superphosphate for grassland establishment and gave a greater rise in soil phosphate. North African phosphate was virtually worthless as a source of phosphate for establishing grasses and clovers, and gave a negligible rise in soil phosphate.
Given adequate supphes of lime and phosphate, frequent small apphcations of N over the first 2 or 3 years are vital to the success of a reclamation programme under the conditions described.  相似文献   

The benefits of fringing mangrove systems to Mumbai          下载免费PDF全文

Mark Everard  Rohit RS Jha  Shaun Russell 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2014,24(2):256-274

A preliminary evaluation of the European Non‐native Species in Aquaculture Risk Assessment Scheme applied to species listed on Annex IV of the EU Alien Species Regulation          下载免费PDF全文

G. H. Copp  M. J. Godard  I. C. Russell  E. J. Peeler  F. Gherardi  E. Tricarico  L. Miossec  P. Goulletquer  D. Almeida  J. R. Britton  L. Vilizzi  J. Mumford  C. Williams  A. Reading  E. M. A. Rees  R. Merino‐Aguirre 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2016,23(1):12-20

Developed for carrying out risk assessments under the European Commission (EC) Council Regulation No 708/2007 concerning the use of alien and locally absent species in aquaculture (ASR), the European Non‐native Species in Aquaculture Risk Assessment Scheme (ENSARS) is briefly summarised, and the ‘Organism’ module is applied to the 24 species listed in ASR's Annex IV. Four other ENSARS modules (Infectious Agent, Facility, Pathway, and Socio‐economic) were used to assess two case study species (European catfish Silurus glanis L. and red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii Girard). No Annex IV species was categorised as low risk, 10 as moderately low risk, 12 as medium risk, two as moderately high risk and none as high risk. The results are discussed and recommendations are made on further development of the scheme as well as the need to have multiple assessors of multidisciplinary expertise from the Member States concerned carry out the assessments using an approach similar to that carried out by EU Reference Laboratory proficiency tests.  相似文献   

Reproductive performance and mature gonad morphology of triploid and diploid Black Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) siblings     

Melony Sellars  Andrew Wood  Brian Murphy  Greg Coman  Stuart Arnold  Russell McCulloch  Nigel Preston 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(10):1493-1501

Sibling harvest age Black Tiger shrimp triploids and diploids of both sexes were reared to reproductive maturity, crossed with wild caught females and males, conditioned for spawning and a comprehensive reproductive performance trial was undertaken. Ovarian development, spawning frequency, fecundity, hatch rate, gonad morphology, male reproductive tracts and thelycum impregnation rates of the wild female × triploid male cross were assessed. After ablation, ovarian development and cycling between wild G₀ diploid and G₁ diploids was not significantly different, whereas G₁ triploids failed to show any signs of ovarian development and cycling, thus resulting in no G₁ triploid female spawnings. There were 10 G₀ diploid female × G₀ diploid male first‐spawnings and 9 G₀ diploid female × G₁ diploid male first‐spawnings, all of which produced viable nauplii. In comparison, there were 7 G₀ diploid female × G₁ triploid male first‐spawnings, none of which produced viable nauplii. The 26 wild G₀ diploid female spawnings had more eggs than the 1 G₁ diploid female spawning. Gonad morphology and male reproductive tract assessments showed impaired reproductive development in triploid gonadal tissues of both sexes (compared with sibling diploids and wild shrimp) to a point where complete maturation had not occurred. The thelycum of 16 wild G₀ diploid females crossed with G₁ triploid males had no visible spermatophore present, suggesting that G₁ triploid males are incapable of developing viable spermatophores and mating with females. This study demonstrates that the triploid females and males are incapable of producing viable gametes and are thus reproductively sterile.  相似文献   

Barley adaptation and improvement in the Mediterranean basin     

A. Pswarayi  F. A. Van Eeuwijk  S. Ceccarelli  S. Grando  J. Comadran  J. R. Russell  E. Francia  N. Pecchioni  O. Li Destri  T. Akar  A. Al‐Yassin  A. Benbelkacem  W. Choumane  M. Karrou  H. Ouabbou  J. Bort  J. L. Araus  J. L. Molina‐Cano  W. T. B. Thomas  I. Romagosa 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(6):554-560

To study barley adaptation and improvement in the Mediterranean basin, a collection of 188 entries comprising landraces and old genotypes and current modern varieties from the Mediterranean basin and elsewhere was tested on moisture‐contrasted environments in seven Mediterranean countries, during 2004 and 2005 harvest seasons. The experimental design consisted of an unreplicated trial for all entries, augmented by four repeated checks to which a partial replicate containing a quarter of the entries was added. Best Linear Unbiased Predictions (BLUPs) representing adjusted genotypic means were generated for individual trials using a mixed model. BLUPs were used for genotype by environment interaction analysis using main effect plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplots of yield ranked data and for comparisons of landraces, old and modern genotypes using analysis of variance. Mean yields ranged from near crop failure to 6 t/ha. Local landraces were better adapted to environments yielding below 2 t/ha, thus breeding has mostly benefited environments yielding above 2 t/ha where modern genotypes out yielded landraces and old cultivars by 15%. Current barley selection is leading to specifically adapted genotypes.  相似文献